--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      name:  <unnamed>
       log:  code_07_Stata_Appendix_D_E_F.log
  log type:  text
 opened on:   8 Nov 2022, 22:58:50

. do "02_appendix_replication/code_07_Stata_Appendix_D_E_F.do"

. *******REPLICATION APPENDIX****
. 
. * CHANGE THIS
. *cd /path/to/directory
. cd "02_appendix_replication"
02_appendix_replication

. 
. clear

. 
. use "data_YLE_main.dta"

. 
. replace Refugeespercapita = 0 if year < 2017
(33,071 real changes made)

. 
. gen percent_pop_arrivals = Refugeespercapita * 100

. 
. label def refugees 1 "Strongly agree" 2 "Somewhat agree" 3 "Somewhat disagree" 4 "Strongly disagree"

. 
. label val refugees refugees

. 
. **first reversing the scale**
. 
. vreverse refugees, gen(ref_2) 

. 
. *******************************************************************************
. 
. *** Figure D1:  interactions with kernel regression 
. * Note that these take about 15 minutes to run each
. 
. * a) POPULATION
. 
. gen log_pop = log(population)

. 
. * LONG TIME
. interflex ref_2 treat log_pop if Pretreated==0 ///    , type(kernel)  xd(density) fe(CandidateID year) cl(municode) yr(-1 1)
Cross-validating bandwidth...
The optimal bandwidth is   5.0339

. 
. * b) URBAN DENSITY
. 
. gen logurban = log(urban)
(86 missing values generated)

. 
. * note that the 84 observations with 0 urban density will go missing: this does not affect the results
. 
. * LONG TIME
. interflex ref_2 treat logurban if Pretreated==0 ///    , type(kernel)  xd(density) fe(CandidateID year) cl(municode) yr(-1 1)
Cross-validating bandwidth...
The optimal bandwidth is   1.1938

. 
. *******************************************************************************
. 
. *** Figure D2:  further demographic interactions
. 
. * a) log of residents under 15
. 
. gen log15 =  log(under_15)

. 
. interflex ref_2 treat log15 if Pretreated==0 ///    , vce(r) xd(density) fe(CandidateID year) cl(municode) yr(-1 1)
p value of Wald test: 0.3350

. 
. * b) log of dependency ratio
. 
. gen logdep = log(dependency_ratio)

. 
. interflex ref_2 treat logdep if Pretreated==0 ///    , vce(r) xd(density) fe(CandidateID year) cl(municode) yr(-1 1)
p value of Wald test: 0.0005

. 
. *******************************************************************************
. 
. *** Figure D3:  Municipality debt interaction
. 
. destring munidebt, replace
munidebt: all characters numeric; replaced as double

. 
. interflex ref_2 treat munidebt if Pretreated==0 ///    , vce(r) xd(density) fe(CandidateID year) cl(municode) yr(-1 1)
p value of Wald test: 0.4149

. 
. *******************************************************************************
. 
. *** Table D1
. 
. xtset CandidateID year

Panel variable: CandidateID (strongly balanced)
 Time variable: year, 2012 to 2017, but with gaps
         Delta: 1 unit

. xtreg ref_2 treat i.year if (Pretreated==0 & urban < 40 & population < 15000), fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       967
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =       838

R-sq:  Within  = 0.1640                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0095                                        avg =       1.2
       Overall = 0.0174                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,33)            =     16.09
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0718                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

                              (Std. err. adjusted for 34 clusters in municode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
       ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       treat |    .378589   .1665081     2.27   0.030     .0398258    .7173522
             |
        year |
       2017  |   .2735849   .1045861     2.62   0.013     .0608029    .4863669
             |
       _cons |   2.462636   .0433075    56.86   0.000     2.374526    2.550745
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .87951229
     sigma_e |   .5961934
         rho |  .68516368   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. xtreg ref_2 treat i.year if (Pretreated==0 & urban >= 70 & population < 15000), fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3043
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =      2590

R-sq:  Within  = 0.1120                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0181                                        avg =       1.2
       Overall = 0.0211                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,38)            =     24.12
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0008                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

                              (Std. err. adjusted for 39 clusters in municode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
       ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       treat |   .0539176    .077906     0.69   0.493    -.1037948      .21163
             |
        year |
       2017  |   .2383901   .0576824     4.13   0.000     .1216183    .3551619
             |
       _cons |   2.621629    .020482   128.00   0.000     2.580165    2.663092
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .87303491
     sigma_e |   .5088314
         rho |  .74644055   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * to get the n
. 
. tab firstdiff if (Pretreated == 0 & urban < 40 & population < 15000)

  firstdiff |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
         -3 |          1        0.68        0.68
         -2 |          7        4.79        5.48
         -1 |         54       36.99       42.47
          0 |         66       45.21       87.67
          1 |         15       10.27       97.95
          2 |          3        2.05      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |        146      100.00

. tab firstdiff if (Pretreated == 0 & urban >= 70 & population < 15000)

  firstdiff |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
         -3 |          2        0.38        0.38
         -2 |         19        3.61        3.98
         -1 |        155       29.41       33.40
          0 |        290       55.03       88.43
          1 |         55       10.44       98.86
          2 |          6        1.14      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |        527      100.00

. 
. *******************************************************************************
. 
. *** Table D2:  interactions with time
. 
. gen logdays = log(duration_days)
(54,562 missing values generated)

. 
. replace logdays = 0 if missing(logdays)
(54,562 real changes made)

. 
. replace percent_pop_arrivals = 0 if year == 2012
(0 real changes made)

. replace logdays = 0 if year == 2012
(32,684 real changes made)

. 
. xtreg ref_2 c.percent_pop_arrivals##c.logdays i.year if Pretreated==0, fe cluster(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =     27354
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =     23044

R-sq:  Within  = 0.0820                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0084                                        avg =       1.2
       Overall = 0.0111                                        max =         2

                                                F(4,272)           =     59.83
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0252                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

                                                 (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 |               Robust
                           ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
            percent_pop_arrivals |    .057178   .0862472     0.66   0.508     -.112619     .226975
                         logdays |   -.011414   .0059644    -1.91   0.057    -.0231563    .0003283
                                 |
c.percent_pop_arrivals#c.logdays |   .0020139    .014531     0.14   0.890    -.0265937    .0306214
                                 |
                            year |
                           2017  |    .222066   .0222872     9.96   0.000     .1781888    .2659433
                                 |
                           _cons |   2.771337   .0071154   389.48   0.000     2.757328    2.785345
---------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                         sigma_u |  .87996339
                         sigma_e |  .53805208
                             rho |  .72787145   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. xtreg ref_2 c.percent_pop_arrivals##c.logdays i.year urban foreigners changeinpop swedish highereduc ///    if Pretreated==0, fe cluster(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =     27354
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =     23044

R-sq:  Within  = 0.0834                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0244                                        avg =       1.2
       Overall = 0.0225                                        max =         2

                                                F(9,272)           =     29.59
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.7295                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

                                                 (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 |               Robust
                           ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
            percent_pop_arrivals |   .0732374   .0885325     0.83   0.409    -.1010587    .2475335
                         logdays |  -.0110562   .0060863    -1.82   0.070    -.0230384     .000926
                                 |
c.percent_pop_arrivals#c.logdays |  -.0014267   .0150313    -0.09   0.924    -.0310192    .0281659
                                 |
                            year |
                           2017  |   .2879703   .0543753     5.30   0.000     .1809203    .3950203
                                 |
                           urban |   .0054676   .0146264     0.37   0.709    -.0233276    .0342629
                      foreigners |  -.0513103   .0282902    -1.81   0.071    -.1070059    .0043854
                     changeinpop |   .0265906   .0211153     1.26   0.209    -.0149797    .0681608
                         swedish |  -.0441438   .0317265    -1.39   0.165    -.1066045    .0183169
                      highereduc |  -.0469286    .042092    -1.11   0.266    -.1297961    .0359389
                           _cons |   3.842088   1.465375     2.62   0.009     .9571687    6.727006
---------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                         sigma_u |  1.2723243
                         sigma_e |  .53796731
                             rho |  .84833555   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. *******************************************************************************
. 
. *** Table E1:  compositional effects
. 
. * model 1
. 
. xtset municode

Panel variable: municode (unbalanced)

. xtreg ref_2 percent_pop_arrivals i.year if Pretreated == 0, fe cluster(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =     27,354
Group variable: municode                        Number of groups  =        273

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.0180                                         min =          4
     Between = 0.0132                                         avg =      100.2
     Overall = 0.0152                                         max =        818

                                                F(2,272)          =     149.68
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.0223                         Prob > F          =     0.0000

                                     (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
               ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_pop_arrivals |    .056142   .0137506     4.08   0.000     .0290709     .083213
                     |
                year |
               2017  |   .1982926    .015202    13.04   0.000      .168364    .2282211
                     |
               _cons |   2.769689   .0061923   447.28   0.000     2.757498     2.78188
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .31696419
             sigma_e |  .84403993
                 rho |  .12359459   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * model 3
. xtset CandidateID year

Panel variable: CandidateID (strongly balanced)
 Time variable: year, 2012 to 2017, but with gaps
         Delta: 1 unit

. xtreg ref_2 percent_pop_arrival i.year if Pretreated==0, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =     27354
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =     23044

R-sq:  Within  = 0.0806                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0127                                        avg =       1.2
       Overall = 0.0153                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,272)           =    109.22
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0039                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

                                     (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
               ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_pop_arrivals |     .05086   .0136758     3.72   0.000     .0239362    .0777838
                     |
                year |
               2017  |   .1966587   .0177093    11.10   0.000     .1617939    .2315234
                     |
               _cons |   2.771573   .0072878   380.30   0.000     2.757225    2.785921
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .87771378
             sigma_e |  .53834047
                 rho |   .7266434   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * n = 
. 
. tab ref_2 if (!missing(firstdiff) & Pretreated == 0)

            ref_2 |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------------+-----------------------------------
Strongly disagree |        339        7.87        7.87
Somewhat disagree |        705       16.36       24.22
   Somewhat agree |      1,835       42.58       66.80
   Strongly agree |      1,431       33.20      100.00
------------------+-----------------------------------
            Total |      4,310      100.00

. 
. * model 2: need to drop firstdifferences: this indicates that the candidate did not run twice
. 
. drop if !missing(firstdiff)
(5,763 observations deleted)

. 
. * Keeping only those who did not answer the qestion in both time points
. 
. xtset municode

Panel variable: municode (unbalanced)

. xtreg ref_2 percent_pop_arrivals i.year if Pretreated == 0, fe cluster(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =     23,044
Group variable: municode                        Number of groups  =        273

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.0158                                         min =          4
     Between = 0.0067                                         avg =       84.4
     Overall = 0.0130                                         max =        689

                                                F(2,272)          =     110.18
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.0245                         Prob > F          =     0.0000

                                     (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
               ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_pop_arrivals |   .0586743   .0170989     3.43   0.001     .0250112    .0923373
                     |
                year |
               2017  |   .1903708   .0170475    11.17   0.000      .156809    .2239327
                     |
               _cons |   2.768928   .0053846   514.23   0.000     2.758327    2.779529
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |    .314765
             sigma_e |  .84174402
                 rho |  .12267927   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * back to using the previous data
. 
. clear

. 
. use "data_YLE_main.dta"

. 
. gen percent_pop_arrivals = Refugeespercapita * 100

. 
. label def refugees 1 "Strongly agree" 2 "Somewhat agree" 3 "Somewhat disagree" 4 "Strongly disagree"

. 
. label val refugees refugees

. 
. replace percent_pop_arrivals = 0 if year==2012
(33,071 real changes made)

. 
. * first reversing the scale
. 
. vreverse refugees, gen(ref_2)

. 
. *******************************************************************************
. 
. *** Table E2
. 
. * Party level sub-group analysis
. 
. * SDP, Socialist
. 
. xtset CandidateID year

Panel variable: CandidateID (strongly balanced)
 Time variable: year, 2012 to 2017, but with gaps
         Delta: 1 unit

. 
. xtreg ref_2 percent_pop_arrivals i.year if party == 1 & Pretreated==0, fe cluster(municode) 

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4558
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =      3811

R-sq:  Within  = 0.1220                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0139                                        avg =       1.2
       Overall = 0.0204                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,249)           =     44.44
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0322                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

                                     (Std. err. adjusted for 250 clusters in municode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
               ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_pop_arrivals |    .072848   .0333778     2.18   0.030     .0071092    .1385869
                     |
                year |
               2017  |   .2308689   .0327415     7.05   0.000     .1663834    .2953545
                     |
               _cons |   2.913414   .0129288   225.34   0.000      2.88795    2.938877
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .77319115
             sigma_e |  .50746494
                 rho |   .6989278   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * KOK, Lib. right
. 
. xtreg ref_2 percent_pop_arrivals i.year if party == 2 & Pretreated==0, fe cluster(municode) 

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      5789
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =      4862

R-sq:  Within  = 0.1287                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0139                                        avg =       1.2
       Overall = 0.0211                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,251)           =     53.73
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0322                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

                                     (Std. err. adjusted for 252 clusters in municode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
               ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_pop_arrivals |    .000741   .0337087     0.02   0.982    -.0656469    .0671289
                     |
                year |
               2017  |   .2887941    .031231     9.25   0.000     .2272859    .3503023
                     |
               _cons |   2.681918    .011721   228.81   0.000     2.658834    2.705002
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .79087123
             sigma_e |  .53246983
                 rho |  .68809277   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * KESK Agr Center
. 
. xtreg ref_2 percent_pop_arrivals i.year if party == 3 & Pretreated==0, fe cluster(municode) 

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      6540
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =      5423

R-sq:  Within  = 0.1509                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0170                                        avg =       1.2
       Overall = 0.0267                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,266)           =     74.97
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0491                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

                                     (Std. err. adjusted for 267 clusters in municode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
               ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_pop_arrivals |   .0590504    .026219     2.25   0.025     .0074273    .1106736
                     |
                year |
               2017  |   .2959354   .0302403     9.79   0.000     .2363947    .3554761
                     |
               _cons |    2.54539    .012663   201.01   0.000     2.520458    2.570322
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .77638389
             sigma_e |  .55740436
                 rho |  .65986941   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * PS True Finns
. 
. xtreg ref_2 percent_pop_arrivals i.year if party == 10 & Pretreated==0, fe cluster(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2572
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =      2189

R-sq:  Within  = 0.1192                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0215                                        avg =       1.2
       Overall = 0.0274                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,241)           =     23.68
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0203                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

                                     (Std. err. adjusted for 242 clusters in municode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
               ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_pop_arrivals |   .1077608   .0356594     3.02   0.003     .0375169    .1780046
                     |
                year |
               2017  |  -.3367883   .0489675    -6.88   0.000    -.4332473   -.2403293
                     |
               _cons |    1.94784   .0178905   108.88   0.000     1.912598    1.983082
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .81379249
             sigma_e |  .58494741
                 rho |  .65934281   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * VAS Left
. 
. xtreg ref_2 percent_pop_arrivals i.year if party == 4 & Pretreated==0, fe cluster(municode) 

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2206
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =      1836

R-sq:  Within  = 0.0953                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0151                                        avg =       1.2
       Overall = 0.0195                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,195)           =     25.91
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0088                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

                                     (Std. err. adjusted for 196 clusters in municode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
               ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_pop_arrivals |   -.002995   .0235196    -0.13   0.899    -.0493804    .0433905
                     |
                year |
               2017  |   .2314379   .0439344     5.27   0.000     .1447903    .3180854
                     |
               _cons |   3.207759   .0182507   175.76   0.000     3.171765    3.243753
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .75822703
             sigma_e |  .50199248
                 rho |  .69525333   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * GREENS VIHR
. 
. xtreg ref_2 percent_pop_arrivals i.year if party == 5 & Pretreated==0, fe cluster(municode) 

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2349
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =      2021

R-sq:  Within  = 0.0486                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0138                                        avg =       1.2
       Overall = 0.0151                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,183)           =      6.96
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0105                         Prob > F           =    0.0012

                                     (Std. err. adjusted for 184 clusters in municode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
               ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_pop_arrivals |   .0186821    .046396     0.40   0.688    -.0728578    .1102219
                     |
                year |
               2017  |   .1241716   .0419138     2.96   0.003     .0414751    .2068681
                     |
               _cons |   3.523028   .0189947   185.47   0.000     3.485551    3.560505
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .57292245
             sigma_e |  .41319318
                 rho |  .65783707   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * Christian Democrats KD
. 
. xtreg ref_2 percent_pop_arrivals i.year if party == 7 & Pretreated==0, fe cluster(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1432
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =      1245

R-sq:  Within  = 0.0550                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0098                                        avg =       1.2
       Overall = 0.0121                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,200)           =      3.50
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0554                        Prob > F           =    0.0321

                                     (Std. err. adjusted for 201 clusters in municode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
               ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_pop_arrivals |   .1564708    .074584     2.10   0.037     .0093989    .3035427
                     |
                year |
               2017  |    .036466   .0552675     0.66   0.510    -.0725157    .1454477
                     |
               _cons |   3.055066   .0248039   123.17   0.000     3.006155    3.103977
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .70678987
             sigma_e |  .46866231
                 rho |  .69459747   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * Swedish People's Party, SFP
. 
. xtreg ref_2 percent_pop_arrivals i.year if party == 6 & Pretreated==0, fe cluster(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1016
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =       850

R-sq:  Within  = 0.3338                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0566                                        avg =       1.2
       Overall = 0.0752                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,38)            =     73.12
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0384                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

                                      (Std. err. adjusted for 39 clusters in municode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
               ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_pop_arrivals |   .0361527   .0337288     1.07   0.291    -.0321277    .1044331
                     |
                year |
               2017  |   .4136449   .0672971     6.15   0.000     .2774091    .5498807
                     |
               _cons |   3.187101   .0246783   129.15   0.000     3.137142     3.23706
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .68197391
             sigma_e |  .44385468
                 rho |  .70244925   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. *******************************************************************************
. 
. *** TABLE E3:  Winning candidates
. 
. * make the count for  N
. 
. tab ref_2 if elected ==1 & Pretreated==0

            ref_2 |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------------+-----------------------------------
Strongly disagree |        925        9.32        9.32
Somewhat disagree |      2,485       25.03       34.35
   Somewhat agree |      4,349       43.81       78.15
   Strongly agree |      2,169       21.85      100.00
------------------+-----------------------------------
            Total |      9,928      100.00

. * 9,928
. 
. * basic model
. 
. xtset municode

Panel variable: municode (unbalanced)

. xtreg ref_2 percent_pop_arrivals i.year if elected==1 & Pretreated==0, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =      9,928
Group variable: municode                        Number of groups  =        273

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.0323                                         min =          3
     Between = 0.0275                                         avg =       36.4
     Overall = 0.0285                                         max =        124

                                                F(2,272)          =     135.37
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.0034                         Prob > F          =     0.0000

                                     (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
               ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_pop_arrivals |    .038223   .0173531     2.20   0.028     .0040596    .0723865
                     |
                year |
               2017  |   .2800606   .0202477    13.83   0.000     .2401985    .3199227
                     |
               _cons |   2.637524   .0088676   297.43   0.000     2.620066    2.654982
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .35633837
             sigma_e |  .82772806
                 rho |  .15635433   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * with covariates
. 
. xtset municode

Panel variable: municode (unbalanced)

. xtreg ref_2 percent_pop_arrivals urban changeinpop swedish highereduc foreigners i.year if elected==1 & Pretreated==0, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =      9,928
Group variable: municode                        Number of groups  =        273

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.0330                                         min =          3
     Between = 0.1897                                         avg =       36.4
     Overall = 0.0000                                         max =        124

                                                F(7,272)          =      41.98
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.5239                         Prob > F          =     0.0000

                                     (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
               ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_pop_arrivals |   .0331108   .0179641     1.84   0.066    -.0022555    .0684772
               urban |   .0007162   .0122153     0.06   0.953    -.0233323    .0247646
         changeinpop |   .0530256   .0226064     2.35   0.020     .0085199    .0975314
             swedish |  -.0076574   .0415898    -0.18   0.854    -.0895363    .0742214
          highereduc |  -.0074495   .0445963    -0.17   0.867    -.0952473    .0803482
          foreigners |  -.0335899   .0445697    -0.75   0.452    -.1213352    .0541555
                     |
                year |
               2017  |   .3159791   .0612405     5.16   0.000     .1954136    .4365447
                     |
               _cons |   2.870277   1.317485     2.18   0.030     .2765135    5.464041
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |   .4532028
             sigma_e |  .82764873
                 rho |  .23067598   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. *******************************************************************************
. 
. *** Figure E1: Interactions for winners
. 
. * a) population
. 
. gen logpop = log(population)

. 
. interflex ref_2 treat logpop if Pretreated==0 & elected==1, vce(r) xd(density) fe(municode year) cl(municode) yr(-1 1)
p value of Wald test: 0.0000

. 
. * b) density
. 
. gen logdensity = log(urban)
(86 missing values generated)

.  
. interflex ref_2 treat logdensity if Pretreated==0 & elected==1, vce(r) xd(density) fe(municode year) cl(municode) yr(-1 1)
p value of Wald test: 0.0566

. 
. * c) taxrevenue
. 
. interflex ref_2 treat taxrevenue if Pretreated==0 & elected==1, vce(r) xd(density) fe(municode year) cl(municode) yr(-1 1)
p value of Wald test: 0.0267

. 
. * d) population changeinpop
. 
. interflex ref_2 treat changeinpop if Pretreated==0 & elected==1, vce(r) xd(density) fe(municode year) cl(municode) yr(-1 1)
p value of Wald test: 0.1981

. 
. * e) log of under 15
. 
. gen log15 = log(under_15)

. 
. interflex ref_2 treat log15 if Pretreated==0 & elected==1, vce(r) xd(density) fe(municode year) cl(municode) yr(-1 1)
p value of Wald test: 0.1683

. 
. * f) logged dependency ratio
. 
. gen logdep = log(dependency_ratio)

. 
. interflex ref_2 treat logdep if Pretreated==0 & elected==1, vce(r) xd(density) fe(municode year) cl(municode) yr(-1 1)
p value of Wald test: 0.8485

. 
. *******************************************************************************
. 
. *** Table E4
. 
. clear

. 
. use "data_src_muni_economics.dta"

. 
. * pre-treated already dropped from this dataset
. 
. * Model:  binary treatment
. 
. xtset municode year

Panel variable: municode (unbalanced)
 Time variable: year, 2000 to 2016, but with gaps
         Delta: 1 unit

. 
. * Column 1
. xtreg Taxincome treat i.year, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =      1,365
Group variable: municode                        Number of groups  =        273

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.7903                                         min =          5
     Between = 0.0644                                         avg =        5.0
     Overall = 0.1087                                         max =          5

                                                F(5,272)          =     434.04
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.0018                         Prob > F          =     0.0000

                             (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
   Taxincome | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       treat |  -13.38202   13.35487    -1.00   0.317    -39.67407    12.91004
             |
        year |
       2013  |   233.3505    9.58691    24.34   0.000     214.4765    252.2245
       2014  |   357.6808   10.15398    35.23   0.000     337.6904    377.6712
       2015  |    478.293   11.07352    43.19   0.000     456.4923    500.0937
       2016  |   485.0575   13.22032    36.69   0.000     459.0304    511.0847
             |
       _cons |   2984.901   7.661118   389.62   0.000     2969.818    2999.984
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  505.11993
     sigma_e |  103.85724
         rho |   .9594396   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Column 2 
. xtreg contribution_margin treat i.year, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =      1,365
Group variable: municode                        Number of groups  =        273

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.2436                                         min =          5
     Between = 0.0001                                         avg =        5.0
     Overall = 0.1335                                         max =          5

                                                F(5,272)          =      69.71
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.0029                         Prob > F          =     0.0000

                             (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
contributi~n | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       treat |   66.59878   25.80185     2.58   0.010     15.80205    117.3955
             |
        year |
       2013  |   144.6114   13.31147    10.86   0.000     118.4047     170.818
       2014  |   229.5864   17.49506    13.12   0.000     195.1435    264.0294
       2015  |   224.5773   17.53556    12.81   0.000     190.0546       259.1
       2016  |   243.0311   19.90449    12.21   0.000     203.8447    282.2176
             |
       _cons |   149.6842   10.35261    14.46   0.000     129.3028    170.0657
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  174.77316
     sigma_e |   188.3608
         rho |  .46263459   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Column 3
. xtreg service  treat i.year, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =      1,365
Group variable: municode                        Number of groups  =        273

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.1201                                         min =          5
     Between = 0.0386                                         avg =        5.0
     Overall = 0.0039                                         max =          5

                                                F(5,272)          =      20.49
corr(u_i, Xb) = 0.0131                          Prob > F          =     0.0000

                             (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
     service | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       treat |   .3561065   .2185891     1.63   0.104    -.0742351    .7864482
             |
        year |
       2013  |   .9285714   .1109429     8.37   0.000     .7101555    1.146987
       2014  |   1.254212   .1358614     9.23   0.000     .9867388    1.521686
       2015  |    1.27619   .1483701     8.60   0.000     .9840908     1.56829
       2016  |    1.04448   .1823309     5.73   0.000     .6855213     1.40344
             |
       _cons |    60.8293   .0973289   624.99   0.000     60.63769    61.02092
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  9.6716632
     sigma_e |  1.4611717
         rho |  .97768489   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Column 4
. xtreg unemployed treat i.year, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =      1,365
Group variable: municode                        Number of groups  =        273

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.6104                                         min =          5
     Between = 0.0016                                         avg =        5.0
     Overall = 0.0826                                         max =          5

                                                F(5,272)          =     249.41
corr(u_i, Xb) = 0.0006                          Prob > F          =     0.0000

                             (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
  unemployed | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       treat |   .2144309    .151115     1.42   0.157    -.0830728    .5119346
             |
        year |
       2013  |   1.692308   .0901204    18.78   0.000     1.514885     1.86973
       2014  |   2.946154   .0979433    30.08   0.000     2.753331    3.138977
       2015  |   3.264469    .097872    33.35   0.000     3.071786    3.457152
       2016  |   2.170338   .1231083    17.63   0.000     1.927972    2.412704
             |
       _cons |   11.39963   .0674831   168.93   0.000     11.26678    11.53249
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.7448592
     sigma_e |  1.0322655
         rho |   .9293834   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * Model:  continous treatment
. 
. xtset municode year

Panel variable: municode (unbalanced)
 Time variable: year, 2000 to 2016, but with gaps
         Delta: 1 unit

. 
. * Column 1
. xtreg Taxincome refugee_percent i.year, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =      1,365
Group variable: municode                        Number of groups  =        273

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.7905                                         min =          5
     Between = 0.0003                                         avg =        5.0
     Overall = 0.1097                                         max =          5

                                                F(5,272)          =     424.40
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.0002                         Prob > F          =     0.0000

                                (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                |               Robust
      Taxincome | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
refugee_percent |   -7.58883    4.95953    -1.53   0.127    -17.35278    2.175116
                |
           year |
          2013  |   233.3505    9.58691    24.34   0.000     214.4765    252.2245
          2014  |   357.6808   10.15398    35.23   0.000     337.6904    377.6712
          2015  |    478.293   11.07352    43.19   0.000     456.4923    500.0937
          2016  |   484.8028   12.26366    39.53   0.000     460.6591    508.9466
                |
          _cons |   2984.901   7.664235   389.46   0.000     2969.812     2999.99
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        sigma_u |  504.83954
        sigma_e |   103.8116
            rho |   .9594306   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Column 2 
. xtreg contribution_margin refugee_percent i.year, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =      1,365
Group variable: municode                        Number of groups  =        273

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.2420                                         min =          5
     Between = 0.0005                                         avg =        5.0
     Overall = 0.1326                                         max =          5

                                                F(5,272)          =      63.81
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.0024                         Prob > F          =     0.0000

                                (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                |               Robust
contribution_~n | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
refugee_percent |   19.42749    12.6083     1.54   0.125    -5.394771    44.24975
                |
           year |
          2013  |   144.6114   13.31147    10.86   0.000     118.4047     170.818
          2014  |   229.5864   17.49506    13.12   0.000     195.1435    264.0294
          2015  |   224.5773   17.53556    12.81   0.000     190.0546       259.1
          2016  |   253.5157   17.96275    14.11   0.000      218.152    288.8794
                |
          _cons |   149.6842   10.35034    14.46   0.000     129.3073    170.0612
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        sigma_u |  174.76842
        sigma_e |  188.56391
            rho |  .46208532   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Column 3
. xtreg service  refugee_percent i.year, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =      1,365
Group variable: municode                        Number of groups  =        273

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.1207                                         min =          5
     Between = 0.0004                                         avg =        5.0
     Overall = 0.0026                                         max =          5

                                                F(5,272)          =      20.28
corr(u_i, Xb) = 0.0012                          Prob > F          =     0.0000

                                (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                |               Robust
        service | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
refugee_percent |   .1507087   .0929702     1.62   0.106     -.032324    .3337415
                |
           year |
          2013  |   .9285714   .1109429     8.37   0.000     .7101555    1.146987
          2014  |   1.254212   .1358614     9.23   0.000     .9867388    1.521686
          2015  |    1.27619   .1483701     8.60   0.000     .9840908     1.56829
          2016  |   1.077007   .1683376     6.40   0.000      .745597    1.408418
                |
          _cons |    60.8293   .0973946   624.57   0.000     60.63756    61.02105
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        sigma_u |  9.6774242
        sigma_e |  1.4607099
            rho |  .97772463   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Column 4
. xtreg unemployed refugee_percent i.year, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =      1,365
Group variable: municode                        Number of groups  =        273

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.6101                                         min =          5
     Between = 0.0076                                         avg =        5.0
     Overall = 0.0828                                         max =          5

                                                F(5,272)          =     248.42
corr(u_i, Xb) = 0.0011                          Prob > F          =     0.0000

                                (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                |               Robust
     unemployed | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
refugee_percent |   .0608857    .084554     0.72   0.472    -.1055778    .2273493
                |
           year |
          2013  |   1.692308   .0901204    18.78   0.000     1.514885     1.86973
          2014  |   2.946154   .0979433    30.08   0.000     2.753331    3.138977
          2015  |   3.264469    .097872    33.35   0.000     3.071786    3.457152
          2016  |   2.204933   .1107619    19.91   0.000     1.986873    2.422992
                |
          _cons |   11.39963   .0674847   168.92   0.000     11.26677    11.53249
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        sigma_u |  3.7443342
        sigma_e |  1.0326794
            rho |  .92931235   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * Model:  interaction term:  time x intensity
. 
. * Column 1
. xtreg Taxincome c.logduration##c.refugee_percent i.year, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =      1,176
Group variable: municode                        Number of groups  =        273

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.7961                                         min =          4
     Between = 0.0979                                         avg =        4.3
     Overall = 0.1296                                         max =          5

                                                F(7,272)          =     310.30
corr(u_i, Xb) = 0.0324                          Prob > F          =     0.0000

                                                (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                |               Robust
                      Taxincome | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
--------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                    logduration |  -21.76177   7.948914    -2.74   0.007    -37.41099   -6.112552
                refugee_percent |  -129.1448   44.95151    -2.87   0.004    -217.6419   -40.64772
                                |
c.logduration#c.refugee_percent |   20.81579    7.84475     2.65   0.008     5.371641    36.25993
                                |
                           year |
                          2013  |   233.3505   9.597955    24.31   0.000     214.4548    252.2462
                          2014  |   357.6808   10.16568    35.19   0.000     337.6674    377.6942
                          2015  |    478.293   11.08627    43.14   0.000     456.4672    500.1189
                          2016  |   611.4024   44.67235    13.69   0.000     523.4549    699.3499
                                |
                          _cons |   2998.532   7.127143   420.72   0.000       2984.5    3012.563
--------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                        sigma_u |  497.87202
                        sigma_e |  102.96712
                            rho |  .95898221   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Column 2 
. xtreg contribution_margin c.logduration##c.refugee_percent i.year, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =      1,176
Group variable: municode                        Number of groups  =        273

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.2742                                         min =          4
     Between = 0.0006                                         avg =        4.3
     Overall = 0.1404                                         max =          5

                                                F(7,272)          =      48.48
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.0202                         Prob > F          =     0.0000

                                                (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                |               Robust
            contribution_margin | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
--------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                    logduration |   26.83216   25.25545     1.06   0.289    -22.88885    76.55317
                refugee_percent |   -160.735   89.21866    -1.80   0.073    -336.3819    14.91194
                                |
c.logduration#c.refugee_percent |   28.43228   15.83348     1.80   0.074     -2.73948    59.60403
                                |
                           year |
                          2013  |   144.6114   13.32681    10.85   0.000     118.3745    170.8482
                          2014  |   229.5864   17.51522    13.11   0.000     195.1038    264.0691
                          2015  |   224.5773   17.55576    12.79   0.000     190.0149    259.1397
                          2016  |   143.0871   146.6055     0.98   0.330    -145.5387    431.7129
                                |
                          _cons |   148.6975   10.17037    14.62   0.000     128.6748    168.7201
--------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                        sigma_u |  175.32448
                        sigma_e |  182.56017
                            rho |  .47979032   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Column 3
. xtreg service  c.logduration##c.refugee_percent i.year, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =      1,176
Group variable: municode                        Number of groups  =        273

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.1483                                         min =          4
     Between = 0.0146                                         avg =        4.3
     Overall = 0.0043                                         max =          5

                                                F(7,272)          =      14.27
corr(u_i, Xb) = 0.0124                          Prob > F          =     0.0000

                                                (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                |               Robust
                        service | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
--------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                    logduration |   .0102344   .4536406     0.02   0.982    -.8828586    .9033275
                refugee_percent |  -.5114967   1.381365    -0.37   0.711    -3.231023    2.208029
                                |
c.logduration#c.refugee_percent |   .1115488   .2393585     0.47   0.642    -.3596819    .5827796
                                |
                           year |
                          2013  |   .9285714   .1110707     8.36   0.000     .7099038    1.147239
                          2014  |   1.254212    .136018     9.22   0.000     .9864306    1.521994
                          2015  |    1.27619    .148541     8.59   0.000     .9837543    1.568627
                          2016  |   1.048456   2.683914     0.39   0.696    -4.235429    6.332341
                                |
                          _cons |   61.03745   .0906472   673.35   0.000     60.85899    61.21591
--------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                        sigma_u |  9.6345317
                        sigma_e |  1.4165304
                            rho |  .97884064   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. * Column 4
. xtreg unemployed c.logduration##c.refugee_percent i.year, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =      1,176
Group variable: municode                        Number of groups  =        273

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.6721                                         min =          4
     Between = 0.0029                                         avg =        4.3
     Overall = 0.0946                                         max =          5

                                                F(7,272)          =     172.56
corr(u_i, Xb) = 0.0015                          Prob > F          =     0.0000

                                                (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                |               Robust
                     unemployed | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
--------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                    logduration |   .1034613   .1245467     0.83   0.407    -.1417368    .3486594
                refugee_percent |  -.1552096   1.262465    -0.12   0.902    -2.640654    2.330235
                                |
c.logduration#c.refugee_percent |   .0292133   .2161481     0.14   0.893    -.3963226    .4547491
                                |
                           year |
                          2013  |   1.692308   .0902243    18.76   0.000     1.514681    1.869934
                          2014  |   2.946154   .0980561    30.05   0.000     2.753108    3.139199
                          2015  |   3.264469   .0979847    33.32   0.000     3.071564    3.457374
                          2016  |   1.747148   .7023556     2.49   0.013     .3644034    3.129892
                                |
                          _cons |   11.40841   .0647073   176.31   0.000     11.28102     11.5358
--------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                        sigma_u |  3.7819758
                        sigma_e |   .9926317
                            rho |  .93555238   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. *******************************************************************************
. 
. *** Table F1:  incumbency effect
. 
. clear

. 
. use "data_YLE_main.dta"

. 
. replace Refugeespercapita = 0 if year < 2017
(33,071 real changes made)

. 
. gen percent_pop_arrivals = Refugeespercapita * 100

. 
. vreverse refugees, gen(ref_2)
note: refugees not labeled

. 
. * model 1 incumbence x treatment
. 
. xtset CandidateID year

Panel variable: CandidateID (strongly balanced)
 Time variable: year, 2012 to 2017, but with gaps
         Delta: 1 unit

. 
. xtreg ref_2 i.incumbent##c.percent_pop_arrivals i.year if Pretreated==0, fe cluster(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =     27354
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =     23044

R-sq:  Within  = 0.0838                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0108                                        avg =       1.2
       Overall = 0.0130                                        max =         2

                                                F(4,272)           =     58.91
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0019                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

                                                 (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 |               Robust
                           ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                     1.incumbent |   .0906282   .0256401     3.53   0.000     .0401499    .1411065
            percent_pop_arrivals |   .0522929   .0163036     3.21   0.001     .0201957    .0843902
                                 |
incumbent#c.percent_pop_arrivals |
                              1  |  -.0040853   .0249325    -0.16   0.870    -.0531705        .045
                                 |
                            year |
                           2017  |   .1519953   .0184373     8.24   0.000     .1156973    .1882932
                                 |
                           _cons |   2.784386   .0068319   407.55   0.000     2.770936    2.797837
---------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                         sigma_u |  .87860137
                         sigma_e |  .53754878
                             rho |  .72762848   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * model 2 just incumbency
. 
. xtreg ref_2 incumbent i.year if Pretreated==0, fe cluster(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =     27354
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =     23044

R-sq:  Within  = 0.0803                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0110                                        avg =       1.2
       Overall = 0.0130                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,272)           =     95.87
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0046                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

                             (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
       ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   incumbent |    .090517    .023446     3.86   0.000     .0443583    .1366757
             |
        year |
       2017  |   .1754952   .0168059    10.44   0.000     .1424089    .2085814
             |
       _cons |   2.784692   .0071103   391.64   0.000     2.770694     2.79869
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .87854096
     sigma_e |   .5384233
         rho |  .72695639   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. *******************************************************************************
. 
. *** TABLE F2:  Other electoral effects
. 
. * Model 1 challenger x treatment interaction**
. 
. xtreg ref_2  i.spare##c.percent_pop_arrivals i.year if Pretreated==0 & loser==0, fe cluster(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =     26242
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =     22973

R-sq:  Within  = 0.1015                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0102                                        avg =       1.1
       Overall = 0.0133                                        max =         2

                                                F(4,272)           =     63.88
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0343                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

                                             (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             |               Robust
                       ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                     1.spare |  -.0370009   .0304094    -1.22   0.225    -.0968687    .0228669
        percent_pop_arrivals |   .0482077   .0196118     2.46   0.015     .0095974     .086818
                             |
spare#c.percent_pop_arrivals |
                          1  |   -.001821    .024692    -0.07   0.941    -.0504327    .0467906
                             |
                        year |
                       2017  |   .2426235   .0241322    10.05   0.000     .1951139     .290133
                             |
                       _cons |   2.746627   .0088589   310.04   0.000     2.729186    2.764068
-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                     sigma_u |  .88202243
                     sigma_e |  .54276135
                         rho |  .72533781   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * Model 2: challenger only***
. 
. xtreg ref_2 spare i.year if Pretreated==0, fe cluster(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =     27354
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =     23044

R-sq:  Within  = 0.0771                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0129                                        avg =       1.2
       Overall = 0.0153                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,272)           =     98.45
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0027                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

                             (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
       ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       spare |   .0107085   .0249908     0.43   0.669    -.0384915    .0599085
             |
        year |
       2017  |   .2176101   .0191167    11.38   0.000     .1799745    .2552456
             |
       _cons |   2.772415   .0081918   338.44   0.000     2.756287    2.788542
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .87764365
     sigma_e |  .53936365
         rho |  .72585662   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * Model 3: loser x treatment*
. 
. xtreg ref_2 i.loser##c.percent_pop_arrivals i.year if Pretreated==0, fe cluster(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =     27354
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =     23044

R-sq:  Within  = 0.0856                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0112                                        avg =       1.2
       Overall = 0.0130                                        max =         2

                                                F(4,272)           =     60.41
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0277                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

                                             (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             |               Robust
                       ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                     1.loser |  -.1335672   .0278132    -4.80   0.000    -.1883236   -.0788108
        percent_pop_arrivals |   .0476011   .0151148     3.15   0.002     .0178443    .0773579
                             |
loser#c.percent_pop_arrivals |
                          1  |   .0063338   .0421417     0.15   0.881    -.0766315     .089299
                             |
                        year |
                       2017  |   .2298205   .0195066    11.78   0.000     .1914173    .2682236
                             |
                       _cons |   2.762392     .00754   366.37   0.000     2.747548    2.777236
-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                     sigma_u |  .87868056
                     sigma_e |  .53700432
                         rho |  .72806565   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * Model 4: loser only***
. 
. xtreg ref_2 loser i.year if Pretreated==0, fe cluster(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =     27354
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =     23044

R-sq:  Within  = 0.0824                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0111                                        avg =       1.2
       Overall = 0.0127                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,272)           =    103.53
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0248                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

                             (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
       ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       loser |  -.1348269   .0251314    -5.36   0.000    -.1843037   -.0853502
             |
        year |
       2017  |   .2529826   .0178137    14.20   0.000     .2179124    .2880527
             |
       _cons |   2.762156   .0076889   359.24   0.000     2.747019    2.777293
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .87866786
     sigma_e |  .53782747
         rho |  .72745299   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. *******************************************************************************
. 
. *** TABLE F 3:  Public-Private test
. 
. xtset CandidateID year

Panel variable: CandidateID (strongly balanced)
 Time variable: year, 2012 to 2017, but with gaps
         Delta: 1 unit

. 
. xtreg ref_2 percent_pop_arrivals i.year if private==0 & Pretreated==0, fe cl(municode) 

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =     17396
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =     14693

R-sq:  Within  = 0.0733                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0133                                        avg =       1.2
       Overall = 0.0156                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,210)           =     59.65
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0035                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

                                     (Std. err. adjusted for 211 clusters in municode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
               ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_pop_arrivals |   .0709411   .0197435     3.59   0.000     .0320202    .1098619
                     |
                year |
               2017  |   .1993106   .0216848     9.19   0.000     .1565628    .2420584
                     |
               _cons |   2.727932   .0095959   284.28   0.000     2.709016    2.746849
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .87861453
             sigma_e |  .54523128
                 rho |  .72197358   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. xtreg ref_2 percent_pop_arrivals i.year if public==0 & Pretreated==0, fe cl(municode) 

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =     23012
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =     19400

R-sq:  Within  = 0.0807                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0128                                        avg =       1.2
       Overall = 0.0154                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,248)           =     93.16
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0023                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

                                     (Std. err. adjusted for 249 clusters in municode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
               ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_pop_arrivals |   .0359021   .0166396     2.16   0.032     .0031291    .0686751
                     |
                year |
               2017  |   .2091784   .0187251    11.17   0.000     .1722979    .2460589
                     |
               _cons |   2.725561   .0077622   351.13   0.000     2.710273     2.74085
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .88018043
             sigma_e |  .54069181
                 rho |  .72602646   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. *******************************************************************************
. 
. ***TABLE F4 Jacknifing
. 
. * Jackknifing
. 
. xtset CandidateID year

Panel variable: CandidateID (strongly balanced)
 Time variable: year, 2012 to 2017, but with gaps
         Delta: 1 unit

. 
. * Continuous
. * LONG TIME
. jackknife, cluster(municode): xtreg ref_2 percent_pop_arrivals  i.year if Pretreated==0, fe
(running xtreg on estimation sample)

Jackknife replications (273)
----+--- 1 ---+--- 2 ---+--- 3 ---+--- 4 ---+--- 5 
..................................................    50
..................................................   100
..................................................   150
..................................................   200
..................................................   250
.......................

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =     27,354
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups  =     23,044

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.0806                                         min =          1
     Between = 0.0127                                         avg =        1.2
     Overall = 0.0153                                         max =          2

                                                F(2,272)          =     105.64
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.0039                         Prob > F          =     0.0000

                                      (Replications based on 273 clusters in municode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |              Jackknife
               ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_pop_arrivals |     .05086   .0142875     3.56   0.000     .0227319    .0789881
                     |
                year |
               2017  |   .1966587   .0178652    11.01   0.000      .161487    .2318303
                     |
               _cons |   2.771573   .0297707    93.10   0.000     2.712963    2.830183
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .87771378
             sigma_e |  .53834047
                 rho |   .7266434   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0: F(23043, 272) = 3.07                  Prob > F = 0.0000

. 
. * Continuous with covariates
. * LONG TIME
. jackknife, cluster(municode): xtreg ref_2 percent_pop_arrivals urban foreigners changeinpop swedish highereduc i.year if Pretreated==0 , fe
(running xtreg on estimation sample)

Jackknife replications (273)
----+--- 1 ---+--- 2 ---+--- 3 ---+--- 4 ---+--- 5 
..................................................    50
..................................................   100
..................................................   150
..................................................   200
..................................................   250
.......................

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =     27,354
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups  =     23,044

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.0821                                         min =          1
     Between = 0.0237                                         avg =        1.2
     Overall = 0.0218                                         max =          2

                                                F(7,272)          =      33.02
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.7234                         Prob > F          =     0.0000

                                      (Replications based on 273 clusters in municode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |              Jackknife
               ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_pop_arrivals |   .0465665   .0145597     3.20   0.002     .0179025    .0752306
               urban |   .0057129   .0154783     0.37   0.712    -.0247597    .0361854
          foreigners |  -.0637505   .0276515    -2.31   0.022    -.1181886   -.0093123
         changeinpop |   .0245869   .0226501     1.09   0.279    -.0200049    .0691787
             swedish |  -.0431105    .045954    -0.94   0.349    -.1335813    .0473602
          highereduc |  -.0452411   .0433671    -1.04   0.298     -.130619    .0401368
                     |
                year |
               2017  |   .2658117   .0529803     5.02   0.000     .1615081    .3701152
                     |
               _cons |   3.803139   1.564333     2.43   0.016     .7233999    6.882879
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  1.2610246
             sigma_e |   .5382232
                 rho |  .84590176   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0: F(23043, 272) = 2.89                  Prob > F = 0.0000

. 
. *******************************************************************************
. 
. *** Table F5:  SUTVA
. 
. * Adjecent treat
. 
. gen adjacenttreat = 0

. replace adjacenttreat = 1 if year==2017 & Adjacent_to_treated==1
(29,873 real changes made)

. 
. xtreg ref_2 treat i.year if population < 15000 & Pretreated==0, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =     11938
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =     10119

R-sq:  Within  = 0.1208                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0190                                        avg =       1.2
       Overall = 0.0243                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,209)           =     75.10
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0111                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

                             (Std. err. adjusted for 210 clusters in municode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
       ref_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       treat |   .1180488   .0548064     2.15   0.032     .0100045     .226093
             |
        year |
       2017  |   .2608059   .0282747     9.22   0.000     .2050657     .316546
             |
       _cons |   2.539727   .0110296   230.26   0.000     2.517983     2.56147
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .86232083
     sigma_e |  .56254153
         rho |  .70147359   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * vs. 
. 
. xtreg refugees adjacenttreat i.year if population < 15000 & Pretreated==0 & Treated2015==0, fe cl(municode) 

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      8998
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =      7633

R-sq:  Within  = 0.0974                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0110                                        avg =       1.2
       Overall = 0.0156                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,167)           =     42.72
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0225                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

                              (Std. err. adjusted for 168 clusters in municode)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              |               Robust
     refugees | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
--------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
adjacenttreat |  -.0373354   .0636052    -0.59   0.558    -.1629094    .0882385
              |
         year |
        2017  |  -.2310469   .0545803    -4.23   0.000    -.3388032   -.1232907
              |
        _cons |   2.484793   .0128227   193.78   0.000     2.459477    2.510108
--------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      sigma_u |  .86535722
      sigma_e |  .56260496
          rho |  .70289656   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. *******************************************************************************
. 
. *** Table F6:  Placebo regressions
. 
. clear

. 
. use "data_src_2008_2012_2017_anonym.dta"

. 
. gen treat = 0

. replace treat = 1 if Treated2015 == 1 & year > 2015
(8,434 real changes made)

. 
. rename refugees_per_capita Refugeespercapita

. 
. replace Refugeespercapita = 0 if year < 2017
(130,168 real changes made)

. 
. gen percent_pop_arrivals = Refugeespercapita * 100
(53,062 missing values generated)

. 
. xtset CandidateID year

Panel variable: CandidateID (strongly balanced)
 Time variable: year, 2008 to 2017, but with gaps
         Delta: 1 unit

. 
. * model 1
. 
. xtreg env_2 treat i.year if Pretreated==0, fe cluster(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =     21039
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =     15310

R-sq:  Within  = 0.0089                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0030                                        avg =       1.4
       Overall = 0.0037                                        max =         3

                                                F(3,272)           =     17.33
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0182                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

                             (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |               Robust
       env_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       treat |   .0196713   .0333911     0.59   0.556    -.0460665    .0854091
             |
        year |
       2012  |  -.0253581   .0160266    -1.58   0.115      -.05691    .0061938
       2017  |   .0962778     .02432     3.96   0.000     .0483984    .1441571
             |
       _cons |   1.943995    .003822   508.63   0.000     1.936471    1.951519
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .76248239
     sigma_e |  .59360857
         rho |  .62262819   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * 0.0196713   .0333911     0.59   0.556 
. 
. * model 2
. 
. xtreg env_2 percent_pop_arrivals i.year if Pretreated==0, fe cluster(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =     21039
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =     15310

R-sq:  Within  = 0.0090                         Obs per group: min =         1
       Between = 0.0032                                        avg =       1.4
       Overall = 0.0040                                        max =         3

                                                F(3,272)           =     17.54
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0204                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

                                     (Std. err. adjusted for 273 clusters in municode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
               env_2 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_pop_arrivals |   .0142259   .0194127     0.73   0.464    -.0239924    .0524441
                     |
                year |
               2012  |  -.0253544    .016016    -1.58   0.115    -.0568855    .0061766
               2017  |   .0998455   .0197675     5.05   0.000     .0609288    .1387622
                     |
               _cons |   1.943995   .0038268   507.99   0.000     1.936461    1.951529
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .76244256
             sigma_e |  .59359784
                 rho |  .62261213   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * 0.0142259   .0194127     0.73   0.464  
. 
. * to get the N
. 
. drop env_2 treat percent_pop_arrivals Refugeespercapita duration_days

. 
. reshape wide foreignname votes voteshare age elected privatization carehome environment ///    refugees Urban dependencyratio agriculture education population changeinpop ///    under15_ over64_ swedish foreigners birthsurplus popinflow nrofam privatehouses ///    secondaryeduc highereduc employment unemployment pensioners industry service ///    contributionmargin taxrevenue ///    , i(CandidateID) j(year)
(j = 2008 2012 2017)

Data                               Long   ->   Wide
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of observations          218,622   ->   72,874      
Number of variables                 139   ->   202         
j variable (3 values)              year   ->   (dropped)
xij variables:
                            foreignname   ->   foreignname2008 foreignname2012 foreignname2017
                                  votes   ->   votes2008 votes2012 votes2017
                              voteshare   ->   voteshare2008 voteshare2012 voteshare2017
                                    age   ->   age2008 age2012 age2017
                                elected   ->   elected2008 elected2012 elected2017
                          privatization   ->   privatization2008 privatization2012 privatization2017
                               carehome   ->   carehome2008 carehome2012 carehome2017
                            environment   ->   environment2008 environment2012 environment2017
                               refugees   ->   refugees2008 refugees2012 refugees2017
                                  Urban   ->   Urban2008 Urban2012 Urban2017
                        dependencyratio   ->   dependencyratio2008 dependencyratio2012 dependencyratio2017
                            agriculture   ->   agriculture2008 agriculture2012 agriculture2017
                              education   ->   education2008 education2012 education2017
                             population   ->   population2008 population2012 population2017
                            changeinpop   ->   changeinpop2008 changeinpop2012 changeinpop2017
                               under15_   ->   under15_2008 under15_2012 under15_2017
                                over64_   ->   over64_2008 over64_2012 over64_2017
                                swedish   ->   swedish2008 swedish2012 swedish2017
                             foreigners   ->   foreigners2008 foreigners2012 foreigners2017
                           birthsurplus   ->   birthsurplus2008 birthsurplus2012 birthsurplus2017
                              popinflow   ->   popinflow2008 popinflow2012 popinflow2017
                                 nrofam   ->   nrofam2008 nrofam2012 nrofam2017
                          privatehouses   ->   privatehouses2008 privatehouses2012 privatehouses2017
                          secondaryeduc   ->   secondaryeduc2008 secondaryeduc2012 secondaryeduc2017
                             highereduc   ->   highereduc2008 highereduc2012 highereduc2017
                             employment   ->   employment2008 employment2012 employment2017
                           unemployment   ->   unemployment2008 unemployment2012 unemployment2017
                             pensioners   ->   pensioners2008 pensioners2012 pensioners2017
                               industry   ->   industry2008 industry2012 industry2017
                                service   ->   service2008 service2012 service2017
                     contributionmargin   ->   contributionmargin2008 contributionmargin2012 contributionmargin2017
                             taxrevenue   ->   taxrevenue2008 taxrevenue2012 taxrevenue2017
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. tab CandidateID if !missing(environment2008) & !missing(environment2012) & !missing(environment2017) & Pretreated == 0

CandidateID |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
         44 |          1        0.08        0.08
         52 |          1        0.08        0.15
         65 |          1        0.08        0.23
         84 |          1        0.08        0.30
         85 |          1        0.08        0.38
         94 |          1        0.08        0.46
        125 |          1        0.08        0.53
        174 |          1        0.08        0.61
        191 |          1        0.08        0.68
        192 |          1        0.08        0.76
        207 |          1        0.08        0.83
        238 |          1        0.08        0.91
        325 |          1        0.08        0.99
        364 |          1        0.08        1.06
        453 |          1        0.08        1.14
        510 |          1        0.08        1.21
        559 |          1        0.08        1.29
        592 |          1        0.08        1.37
        598 |          1        0.08        1.44
        660 |          1        0.08        1.52
        714 |          1        0.08        1.59
        721 |          1        0.08        1.67
        747 |          1        0.08        1.75
        781 |          1        0.08        1.82
        820 |          1        0.08        1.90
        861 |          1        0.08        1.97
        989 |          1        0.08        2.05
        990 |          1        0.08        2.12
       2023 |          1        0.08        2.20
       2048 |          1        0.08        2.28
       2053 |          1        0.08        2.35
       2076 |          1        0.08        2.43
       2081 |          1        0.08        2.50
       2083 |          1        0.08        2.58
       2116 |          1        0.08        2.66
       2129 |          1        0.08        2.73
       2130 |          1        0.08        2.81
       2149 |          1        0.08        2.88
       2153 |          1        0.08        2.96
       2192 |          1        0.08        3.03
       2257 |          1        0.08        3.11
       2263 |          1        0.08        3.19
       2296 |          1        0.08        3.26
       2300 |          1        0.08        3.34
       2320 |          1        0.08        3.41
       2324 |          1        0.08        3.49
       2329 |          1        0.08        3.57
       2357 |          1        0.08        3.64
       2387 |          1        0.08        3.72
       2411 |          1        0.08        3.79
       2455 |          1        0.08        3.87
       2481 |          1        0.08        3.95
       2500 |          1        0.08        4.02
       2501 |          1        0.08        4.10
       2520 |          1        0.08        4.17
       2550 |          1        0.08        4.25
       2591 |          1        0.08        4.32
       2620 |          1        0.08        4.40
       2767 |          1        0.08        4.48
       2775 |          1        0.08        4.55
       2818 |          1        0.08        4.63
       2854 |          1        0.08        4.70
       2971 |          1        0.08        4.78
       3023 |          1        0.08        4.86
       3027 |          1        0.08        4.93
       3046 |          1        0.08        5.01
       3067 |          1        0.08        5.08
       3068 |          1        0.08        5.16
       3074 |          1        0.08        5.24
       3095 |          1        0.08        5.31
       3191 |          1        0.08        5.39
       3208 |          1        0.08        5.46
       3327 |          1        0.08        5.54
       3436 |          1        0.08        5.61
       3503 |          1        0.08        5.69
       3672 |          1        0.08        5.77
       3677 |          1        0.08        5.84
       3687 |          1        0.08        5.92
       3724 |          1        0.08        5.99
       3781 |          1        0.08        6.07
       3785 |          1        0.08        6.15
       3794 |          1        0.08        6.22
       3864 |          1        0.08        6.30
       3875 |          1        0.08        6.37
       3892 |          1        0.08        6.45
       3896 |          1        0.08        6.53
       4071 |          1        0.08        6.60
       4093 |          1        0.08        6.68
       4107 |          1        0.08        6.75
       4169 |          1        0.08        6.83
       5907 |          1        0.08        6.90
       5912 |          1        0.08        6.98
       5922 |          1        0.08        7.06
       5928 |          1        0.08        7.13
       5980 |          1        0.08        7.21
       5993 |          1        0.08        7.28
       5996 |          1        0.08        7.36
       6032 |          1        0.08        7.44
       6101 |          1        0.08        7.51
       6132 |          1        0.08        7.59
       6160 |          1        0.08        7.66
       6188 |          1        0.08        7.74
       6222 |          1        0.08        7.81
       6272 |          1        0.08        7.89
       6435 |          1        0.08        7.97
       6473 |          1        0.08        8.04
       6490 |          1        0.08        8.12
       6529 |          1        0.08        8.19
       6533 |          1        0.08        8.27
       6536 |          1        0.08        8.35
       6574 |          1        0.08        8.42
       6588 |          1        0.08        8.50
       6627 |          1        0.08        8.57
       6659 |          1        0.08        8.65
       6666 |          1        0.08        8.73
       6697 |          1        0.08        8.80
       6699 |          1        0.08        8.88
       6728 |          1        0.08        8.95
       6812 |          1        0.08        9.03
       6833 |          1        0.08        9.10
       6854 |          1        0.08        9.18
       6859 |          1        0.08        9.26
       6897 |          1        0.08        9.33
       7603 |          1        0.08        9.41
       7638 |          1        0.08        9.48
       7660 |          1        0.08        9.56
       7673 |          1        0.08        9.64
       7695 |          1        0.08        9.71
       7718 |          1        0.08        9.79
       7722 |          1        0.08        9.86
       7767 |          1        0.08        9.94
       7777 |          1        0.08       10.02
       7798 |          1        0.08       10.09
       7814 |          1        0.08       10.17
       7834 |          1        0.08       10.24
       7845 |          1        0.08       10.32
       7889 |          1        0.08       10.39
       7958 |          1        0.08       10.47
       8030 |          1        0.08       10.55
       8063 |          1        0.08       10.62
       8113 |          1        0.08       10.70
       8161 |          1        0.08       10.77
       8283 |          1        0.08       10.85
       8310 |          1        0.08       10.93
       8324 |          1        0.08       11.00
       8334 |          1        0.08       11.08
       8347 |          1        0.08       11.15
       8353 |          1        0.08       11.23
       8355 |          1        0.08       11.31
       8367 |          1        0.08       11.38
       8425 |          1        0.08       11.46
       8446 |          1        0.08       11.53
       8508 |          1        0.08       11.61
       8563 |          1        0.08       11.68
       8575 |          1        0.08       11.76
       8582 |          1        0.08       11.84
       8690 |          1        0.08       11.91
       8698 |          1        0.08       11.99
       8897 |          1        0.08       12.06
       8951 |          1        0.08       12.14
       8998 |          1        0.08       12.22
       9043 |          1        0.08       12.29
       9044 |          1        0.08       12.37
       9074 |          1        0.08       12.44
       9093 |          1        0.08       12.52
       9099 |          1        0.08       12.59
       9157 |          1        0.08       12.67
       9184 |          1        0.08       12.75
       9226 |          1        0.08       12.82
       9227 |          1        0.08       12.90
       9239 |          1        0.08       12.97
       9277 |          1        0.08       13.05
       9278 |          1        0.08       13.13
       9282 |          1        0.08       13.20
       9305 |          1        0.08       13.28
       9322 |          1        0.08       13.35
       9367 |          1        0.08       13.43
       9391 |          1        0.08       13.51
       9420 |          1        0.08       13.58
       9426 |          1        0.08       13.66
       9502 |          1        0.08       13.73
       9547 |          1        0.08       13.81
       9563 |          1        0.08       13.88
       9603 |          1        0.08       13.96
       9650 |          1        0.08       14.04
       9693 |          1        0.08       14.11
       9712 |          1        0.08       14.19
       9726 |          1        0.08       14.26
       9759 |          1        0.08       14.34
       9774 |          1        0.08       14.42
       9806 |          1        0.08       14.49
       9818 |          1        0.08       14.57
       9824 |          1        0.08       14.64
       9832 |          1        0.08       14.72
       9836 |          1        0.08       14.80
       9869 |          1        0.08       14.87
       9924 |          1        0.08       14.95
       9946 |          1        0.08       15.02
      10084 |          1        0.08       15.10
      10119 |          1        0.08       15.17
      10218 |          1        0.08       15.25
      10311 |          1        0.08       15.33
      10312 |          1        0.08       15.40
      10313 |          1        0.08       15.48
      10369 |          1        0.08       15.55
      10370 |          1        0.08       15.63
      10381 |          1        0.08       15.71
      10383 |          1        0.08       15.78
      10404 |          1        0.08       15.86
      10437 |          1        0.08       15.93
      10462 |          1        0.08       16.01
      10502 |          1        0.08       16.08
      10536 |          1        0.08       16.16
      10571 |          1        0.08       16.24
      10591 |          1        0.08       16.31
      10639 |          1        0.08       16.39
      10640 |          1        0.08       16.46
      10702 |          1        0.08       16.54
      10726 |          1        0.08       16.62
      10738 |          1        0.08       16.69
      10756 |          1        0.08       16.77
      10777 |          1        0.08       16.84
      10781 |          1        0.08       16.92
      10788 |          1        0.08       17.00
      10807 |          1        0.08       17.07
      10815 |          1        0.08       17.15
      10828 |          1        0.08       17.22
      10836 |          1        0.08       17.30
      10840 |          1        0.08       17.37
      10848 |          1        0.08       17.45
      10852 |          1        0.08       17.53
      10856 |          1        0.08       17.60
      10875 |          1        0.08       17.68
      10885 |          1        0.08       17.75
      10922 |          1        0.08       17.83
      10951 |          1        0.08       17.91
      10954 |          1        0.08       17.98
      10955 |          1        0.08       18.06
      10994 |          1        0.08       18.13
      10996 |          1        0.08       18.21
      11009 |          1        0.08       18.29
      11022 |          1        0.08       18.36
      11046 |          1        0.08       18.44
      11054 |          1        0.08       18.51
      11055 |          1        0.08       18.59
      11073 |          1        0.08       18.66
      11077 |          1        0.08       18.74
      11103 |          1        0.08       18.82
      11178 |          1        0.08       18.89
      11187 |          1        0.08       18.97
      11191 |          1        0.08       19.04
      11200 |          1        0.08       19.12
      11289 |          1        0.08       19.20
      11334 |          1        0.08       19.27
      11350 |          1        0.08       19.35
      11375 |          1        0.08       19.42
      11383 |          1        0.08       19.50
      11397 |          1        0.08       19.58
      11407 |          1        0.08       19.65
      11426 |          1        0.08       19.73
      11468 |          1        0.08       19.80
      11470 |          1        0.08       19.88
      11491 |          1        0.08       19.95
      11503 |          1        0.08       20.03
      11551 |          1        0.08       20.11
      11565 |          1        0.08       20.18
      11584 |          1        0.08       20.26
      11596 |          1        0.08       20.33
      11688 |          1        0.08       20.41
      11705 |          1        0.08       20.49
      11753 |          1        0.08       20.56
      11770 |          1        0.08       20.64
      11823 |          1        0.08       20.71
      11867 |          1        0.08       20.79
      11870 |          1        0.08       20.86
      11872 |          1        0.08       20.94
      11934 |          1        0.08       21.02
      11947 |          1        0.08       21.09
      11988 |          1        0.08       21.17
      12044 |          1        0.08       21.24
      12045 |          1        0.08       21.32
      12054 |          1        0.08       21.40
      12126 |          1        0.08       21.47
      12129 |          1        0.08       21.55
      12134 |          1        0.08       21.62
      12526 |          1        0.08       21.70
      12552 |          1        0.08       21.78
      12621 |          1        0.08       21.85
      12643 |          1        0.08       21.93
      12702 |          1        0.08       22.00
      12707 |          1        0.08       22.08
      12754 |          1        0.08       22.15
      12794 |          1        0.08       22.23
      12810 |          1        0.08       22.31
      12867 |          1        0.08       22.38
      12872 |          1        0.08       22.46
      12878 |          1        0.08       22.53
      12896 |          1        0.08       22.61
      12907 |          1        0.08       22.69
      12928 |          1        0.08       22.76
      12955 |          1        0.08       22.84
      12956 |          1        0.08       22.91
      13040 |          1        0.08       22.99
      13104 |          1        0.08       23.07
      13111 |          1        0.08       23.14
      13153 |          1        0.08       23.22
      13179 |          1        0.08       23.29
      13211 |          1        0.08       23.37
      13219 |          1        0.08       23.44
      13248 |          1        0.08       23.52
      13260 |          1        0.08       23.60
      13262 |          1        0.08       23.67
      13283 |          1        0.08       23.75
      13432 |          1        0.08       23.82
      13441 |          1        0.08       23.90
      13446 |          1        0.08       23.98
      13476 |          1        0.08       24.05
      13491 |          1        0.08       24.13
      13536 |          1        0.08       24.20
      13547 |          1        0.08       24.28
      13568 |          1        0.08       24.36
      13626 |          1        0.08       24.43
      13664 |          1        0.08       24.51
      13853 |          1        0.08       24.58
      13874 |          1        0.08       24.66
      13937 |          1        0.08       24.73
      13974 |          1        0.08       24.81
      13977 |          1        0.08       24.89
      13994 |          1        0.08       24.96
      14051 |          1        0.08       25.04
      14058 |          1        0.08       25.11
      14144 |          1        0.08       25.19
      14148 |          1        0.08       25.27
      14157 |          1        0.08       25.34
      14165 |          1        0.08       25.42
      14168 |          1        0.08       25.49
      14179 |          1        0.08       25.57
      14181 |          1        0.08       25.64
      14187 |          1        0.08       25.72
      14205 |          1        0.08       25.80
      14211 |          1        0.08       25.87
      14219 |          1        0.08       25.95
      14226 |          1        0.08       26.02
      14235 |          1        0.08       26.10
      14272 |          1        0.08       26.18
      14276 |          1        0.08       26.25
      14290 |          1        0.08       26.33
      14293 |          1        0.08       26.40
      14395 |          1        0.08       26.48
      14443 |          1        0.08       26.56
      14711 |          1        0.08       26.63
      14733 |          1        0.08       26.71
      14742 |          1        0.08       26.78
      14796 |          1        0.08       26.86
      14798 |          1        0.08       26.93
      14813 |          1        0.08       27.01
      14833 |          1        0.08       27.09
      14836 |          1        0.08       27.16
      14857 |          1        0.08       27.24
      14867 |          1        0.08       27.31
      14884 |          1        0.08       27.39
      14924 |          1        0.08       27.47
      14938 |          1        0.08       27.54
      14950 |          1        0.08       27.62
      14960 |          1        0.08       27.69
      14974 |          1        0.08       27.77
      15010 |          1        0.08       27.85
      15044 |          1        0.08       27.92
      15103 |          1        0.08       28.00
      15129 |          1        0.08       28.07
      15144 |          1        0.08       28.15
      15156 |          1        0.08       28.22
      15177 |          1        0.08       28.30
      15205 |          1        0.08       28.38
      15211 |          1        0.08       28.45
      15274 |          1        0.08       28.53
      15290 |          1        0.08       28.60
      15306 |          1        0.08       28.68
      15343 |          1        0.08       28.76
      15361 |          1        0.08       28.83
      15376 |          1        0.08       28.91
      15410 |          1        0.08       28.98
      15480 |          1        0.08       29.06
      15495 |          1        0.08       29.14
      15499 |          1        0.08       29.21
      15524 |          1        0.08       29.29
      15542 |          1        0.08       29.36
      15631 |          1        0.08       29.44
      15637 |          1        0.08       29.51
      15646 |          1        0.08       29.59
      15648 |          1        0.08       29.67
      15661 |          1        0.08       29.74
      15707 |          1        0.08       29.82
      15727 |          1        0.08       29.89
      15731 |          1        0.08       29.97
      15840 |          1        0.08       30.05
      15843 |          1        0.08       30.12
      15848 |          1        0.08       30.20
      15866 |          1        0.08       30.27
      15877 |          1        0.08       30.35
      15885 |          1        0.08       30.42
      15913 |          1        0.08       30.50
      15973 |          1        0.08       30.58
      15984 |          1        0.08       30.65
      15994 |          1        0.08       30.73
      16016 |          1        0.08       30.80
      16125 |          1        0.08       30.88
      16126 |          1        0.08       30.96
      16131 |          1        0.08       31.03
      16143 |          1        0.08       31.11
      16214 |          1        0.08       31.18
      16284 |          1        0.08       31.26
      16293 |          1        0.08       31.34
      16332 |          1        0.08       31.41
      16363 |          1        0.08       31.49
      16377 |          1        0.08       31.56
      16381 |          1        0.08       31.64
      16407 |          1        0.08       31.71
      16440 |          1        0.08       31.79
      16496 |          1        0.08       31.87
      16523 |          1        0.08       31.94
      16536 |          1        0.08       32.02
      16622 |          1        0.08       32.09
      16623 |          1        0.08       32.17
      16685 |          1        0.08       32.25
      16728 |          1        0.08       32.32
      16802 |          1        0.08       32.40
      16845 |          1        0.08       32.47
      16848 |          1        0.08       32.55
      16857 |          1        0.08       32.63
      16865 |          1        0.08       32.70
      16899 |          1        0.08       32.78
      16952 |          1        0.08       32.85
      16964 |          1        0.08       32.93
      16981 |          1        0.08       33.00
      17012 |          1        0.08       33.08
      17019 |          1        0.08       33.16
      17038 |          1        0.08       33.23
      17051 |          1        0.08       33.31
      17062 |          1        0.08       33.38
      17082 |          1        0.08       33.46
      17085 |          1        0.08       33.54
      17094 |          1        0.08       33.61
      17116 |          1        0.08       33.69
      17139 |          1        0.08       33.76
      17148 |          1        0.08       33.84
      17155 |          1        0.08       33.92
      17159 |          1        0.08       33.99
      17183 |          1        0.08       34.07
      17198 |          1        0.08       34.14
      17263 |          1        0.08       34.22
      17394 |          1        0.08       34.29
      17911 |          1        0.08       34.37
      17914 |          1        0.08       34.45
      17925 |          1        0.08       34.52
      17931 |          1        0.08       34.60
      18000 |          1        0.08       34.67
      18010 |          1        0.08       34.75
      18020 |          1        0.08       34.83
      18119 |          1        0.08       34.90
      18182 |          1        0.08       34.98
      18196 |          1        0.08       35.05
      18239 |          1        0.08       35.13
      18269 |          1        0.08       35.20
      18297 |          1        0.08       35.28
      18334 |          1        0.08       35.36
      18359 |          1        0.08       35.43
      18385 |          1        0.08       35.51
      18400 |          1        0.08       35.58
      18414 |          1        0.08       35.66
      18422 |          1        0.08       35.74
      18732 |          1        0.08       35.81
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      18777 |          1        0.08       35.96
      18875 |          1        0.08       36.04
      18885 |          1        0.08       36.12
      18886 |          1        0.08       36.19
      18919 |          1        0.08       36.27
      18922 |          1        0.08       36.34
      18948 |          1        0.08       36.42
      18975 |          1        0.08       36.49
      18978 |          1        0.08       36.57
      19003 |          1        0.08       36.65
      19007 |          1        0.08       36.72
      19046 |          1        0.08       36.80
      19057 |          1        0.08       36.87
      19150 |          1        0.08       36.95
      19151 |          1        0.08       37.03
      19184 |          1        0.08       37.10
      19242 |          1        0.08       37.18
      19259 |          1        0.08       37.25
      19293 |          1        0.08       37.33
      19387 |          1        0.08       37.41
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      19496 |          1        0.08       37.63
      19526 |          1        0.08       37.71
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      19542 |          1        0.08       37.86
      19557 |          1        0.08       37.94
      19597 |          1        0.08       38.01
      19599 |          1        0.08       38.09
      19607 |          1        0.08       38.16
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      19894 |          1        0.08       38.32
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      20102 |          1        0.08       38.47
      20122 |          1        0.08       38.54
      20131 |          1        0.08       38.62
      20142 |          1        0.08       38.69
      20174 |          1        0.08       38.77
      20187 |          1        0.08       38.85
      20211 |          1        0.08       38.92
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      36540 |          1        0.08       74.13
      36544 |          1        0.08       74.20
      36583 |          1        0.08       74.28
      37152 |          1        0.08       74.36
      37162 |          1        0.08       74.43
      37174 |          1        0.08       74.51
      37204 |          1        0.08       74.58
      37237 |          1        0.08       74.66
      37246 |          1        0.08       74.73
      37313 |          1        0.08       74.81
      37317 |          1        0.08       74.89
      37318 |          1        0.08       74.96
      37323 |          1        0.08       75.04
      37336 |          1        0.08       75.11
      37341 |          1        0.08       75.19
      37351 |          1        0.08       75.27
      37390 |          1        0.08       75.34
      37394 |          1        0.08       75.42
      37395 |          1        0.08       75.49
      37403 |          1        0.08       75.57
      37410 |          1        0.08       75.64
      37424 |          1        0.08       75.72
      37436 |          1        0.08       75.80
      37511 |          1        0.08       75.87
      37526 |          1        0.08       75.95
      37580 |          1        0.08       76.02
      37605 |          1        0.08       76.10
      37649 |          1        0.08       76.18
      37747 |          1        0.08       76.25
      37757 |          1        0.08       76.33
      37781 |          1        0.08       76.40
      37783 |          1        0.08       76.48
      37804 |          1        0.08       76.56
      37885 |          1        0.08       76.63
      37941 |          1        0.08       76.71
      37942 |          1        0.08       76.78
      37972 |          1        0.08       76.86
      37975 |          1        0.08       76.93
      37984 |          1        0.08       77.01
      38008 |          1        0.08       77.09
      38035 |          1        0.08       77.16
      38041 |          1        0.08       77.24
      38078 |          1        0.08       77.31
      38098 |          1        0.08       77.39
      38102 |          1        0.08       77.47
      38138 |          1        0.08       77.54
      38236 |          1        0.08       77.62
      38260 |          1        0.08       77.69
      38270 |          1        0.08       77.77
      38294 |          1        0.08       77.85
      38346 |          1        0.08       77.92
      38360 |          1        0.08       78.00
      38384 |          1        0.08       78.07
      38432 |          1        0.08       78.15
      38446 |          1        0.08       78.22
      38486 |          1        0.08       78.30
      38487 |          1        0.08       78.38
      38491 |          1        0.08       78.45
      38524 |          1        0.08       78.53
      38580 |          1        0.08       78.60
      38653 |          1        0.08       78.68
      38654 |          1        0.08       78.76
      38655 |          1        0.08       78.83
      38677 |          1        0.08       78.91
      38685 |          1        0.08       78.98
      38695 |          1        0.08       79.06
      38735 |          1        0.08       79.14
      38738 |          1        0.08       79.21
      38784 |          1        0.08       79.29
      38788 |          1        0.08       79.36
      38797 |          1        0.08       79.44
      38846 |          1        0.08       79.51
      38848 |          1        0.08       79.59
      38859 |          1        0.08       79.67
      38866 |          1        0.08       79.74
      38918 |          1        0.08       79.82
      38938 |          1        0.08       79.89
      38941 |          1        0.08       79.97
      38947 |          1        0.08       80.05
      38949 |          1        0.08       80.12
      38965 |          1        0.08       80.20
      38972 |          1        0.08       80.27
      38978 |          1        0.08       80.35
      39000 |          1        0.08       80.42
      39001 |          1        0.08       80.50
      39012 |          1        0.08       80.58
      39077 |          1        0.08       80.65
      39079 |          1        0.08       80.73
      39118 |          1        0.08       80.80
      39141 |          1        0.08       80.88
      39237 |          1        0.08       80.96
      39241 |          1        0.08       81.03
      39301 |          1        0.08       81.11
      39316 |          1        0.08       81.18
      39324 |          1        0.08       81.26
      39352 |          1        0.08       81.34
      39418 |          1        0.08       81.41
      39475 |          1        0.08       81.49
      39526 |          1        0.08       81.56
      39530 |          1        0.08       81.64
      39541 |          1        0.08       81.71
      39558 |          1        0.08       81.79
      39752 |          1        0.08       81.87
      39824 |          1        0.08       81.94
      39829 |          1        0.08       82.02
      39872 |          1        0.08       82.09
      39920 |          1        0.08       82.17
      39925 |          1        0.08       82.25
      39926 |          1        0.08       82.32
      39936 |          1        0.08       82.40
      39949 |          1        0.08       82.47
      39972 |          1        0.08       82.55
      39986 |          1        0.08       82.63
      40054 |          1        0.08       82.70
      40098 |          1        0.08       82.78
      40112 |          1        0.08       82.85
      40139 |          1        0.08       82.93
      40249 |          1        0.08       83.00
      40255 |          1        0.08       83.08
      40433 |          1        0.08       83.16
      40468 |          1        0.08       83.23
      40499 |          1        0.08       83.31
      40603 |          1        0.08       83.38
      40630 |          1        0.08       83.46
      40725 |          1        0.08       83.54
      40726 |          1        0.08       83.61
      40745 |          1        0.08       83.69
      40765 |          1        0.08       83.76
      40767 |          1        0.08       83.84
      40830 |          1        0.08       83.92
      40838 |          1        0.08       83.99
      40842 |          1        0.08       84.07
      40978 |          1        0.08       84.14
      41051 |          1        0.08       84.22
      41129 |          1        0.08       84.29
      41172 |          1        0.08       84.37
      41223 |          1        0.08       84.45
      41328 |          1        0.08       84.52
      41329 |          1        0.08       84.60
      41351 |          1        0.08       84.67
      41354 |          1        0.08       84.75
      41410 |          1        0.08       84.83
      41429 |          1        0.08       84.90
      41464 |          1        0.08       84.98
      41490 |          1        0.08       85.05
      41499 |          1        0.08       85.13
      41517 |          1        0.08       85.20
      41524 |          1        0.08       85.28
      41550 |          1        0.08       85.36
      41608 |          1        0.08       85.43
      41633 |          1        0.08       85.51
      41698 |          1        0.08       85.58
      41727 |          1        0.08       85.66
      41733 |          1        0.08       85.74
      41751 |          1        0.08       85.81
      41771 |          1        0.08       85.89
      41807 |          1        0.08       85.96
      42779 |          1        0.08       86.04
      42804 |          1        0.08       86.12
      42823 |          1        0.08       86.19
      42824 |          1        0.08       86.27
      42871 |          1        0.08       86.34
      42926 |          1        0.08       86.42
      42950 |          1        0.08       86.49
      43015 |          1        0.08       86.57
      43019 |          1        0.08       86.65
      43093 |          1        0.08       86.72
      43184 |          1        0.08       86.80
      43199 |          1        0.08       86.87
      43246 |          1        0.08       86.95
      43248 |          1        0.08       87.03
      43278 |          1        0.08       87.10
      43293 |          1        0.08       87.18
      43296 |          1        0.08       87.25
      43302 |          1        0.08       87.33
      43311 |          1        0.08       87.41
      43337 |          1        0.08       87.48
      43344 |          1        0.08       87.56
      43362 |          1        0.08       87.63
      43394 |          1        0.08       87.71
      43402 |          1        0.08       87.78
      43407 |          1        0.08       87.86
      44497 |          1        0.08       87.94
      44500 |          1        0.08       88.01
      44509 |          1        0.08       88.09
      44523 |          1        0.08       88.16
      44526 |          1        0.08       88.24
      44551 |          1        0.08       88.32
      44580 |          1        0.08       88.39
      44583 |          1        0.08       88.47
      44604 |          1        0.08       88.54
      44618 |          1        0.08       88.62
      44631 |          1        0.08       88.69
      44647 |          1        0.08       88.77
      44672 |          1        0.08       88.85
      44688 |          1        0.08       88.92
      44694 |          1        0.08       89.00
      44717 |          1        0.08       89.07
      44776 |          1        0.08       89.15
      44819 |          1        0.08       89.23
      44860 |          1        0.08       89.30
      44861 |          1        0.08       89.38
      44894 |          1        0.08       89.45
      44900 |          1        0.08       89.53
      44905 |          1        0.08       89.61
      44923 |          1        0.08       89.68
      45024 |          1        0.08       89.76
      45030 |          1        0.08       89.83
      45071 |          1        0.08       89.91
      45141 |          1        0.08       89.98
      45222 |          1        0.08       90.06
      45329 |          1        0.08       90.14
      45377 |          1        0.08       90.21
      45470 |          1        0.08       90.29
      45508 |          1        0.08       90.36
      45531 |          1        0.08       90.44
      45551 |          1        0.08       90.52
      45581 |          1        0.08       90.59
      45605 |          1        0.08       90.67
      45659 |          1        0.08       90.74
      45679 |          1        0.08       90.82
      45692 |          1        0.08       90.90
      45693 |          1        0.08       90.97
      46320 |          1        0.08       91.05
      46346 |          1        0.08       91.12
      46348 |          1        0.08       91.20
      46374 |          1        0.08       91.27
      46382 |          1        0.08       91.35
      46387 |          1        0.08       91.43
      46439 |          1        0.08       91.50
      46452 |          1        0.08       91.58
      46534 |          1        0.08       91.65
      46627 |          1        0.08       91.73
      46661 |          1        0.08       91.81
      46717 |          1        0.08       91.88
      46769 |          1        0.08       91.96
      46783 |          1        0.08       92.03
      46834 |          1        0.08       92.11
      46845 |          1        0.08       92.19
      46883 |          1        0.08       92.26
      46934 |          1        0.08       92.34
      46937 |          1        0.08       92.41
      46958 |          1        0.08       92.49
      46981 |          1        0.08       92.56
      47015 |          1        0.08       92.64
      47038 |          1        0.08       92.72
      47042 |          1        0.08       92.79
      47059 |          1        0.08       92.87
      47063 |          1        0.08       92.94
      47069 |          1        0.08       93.02
      47073 |          1        0.08       93.10
      47087 |          1        0.08       93.17
      47099 |          1        0.08       93.25
      47123 |          1        0.08       93.32
      47143 |          1        0.08       93.40
      47161 |          1        0.08       93.47
      47206 |          1        0.08       93.55
      47217 |          1        0.08       93.63
      47219 |          1        0.08       93.70
      47229 |          1        0.08       93.78
      47240 |          1        0.08       93.85
      47269 |          1        0.08       93.93
      47272 |          1        0.08       94.01
      47288 |          1        0.08       94.08
      47294 |          1        0.08       94.16
      47364 |          1        0.08       94.23
      47365 |          1        0.08       94.31
      47371 |          1        0.08       94.39
      47372 |          1        0.08       94.46
      47388 |          1        0.08       94.54
      47408 |          1        0.08       94.61
      47423 |          1        0.08       94.69
      47475 |          1        0.08       94.76
      47490 |          1        0.08       94.84
      47591 |          1        0.08       94.92
      47627 |          1        0.08       94.99
      47673 |          1        0.08       95.07
      47761 |          1        0.08       95.14
      47763 |          1        0.08       95.22
      47772 |          1        0.08       95.30
      47782 |          1        0.08       95.37
      47790 |          1        0.08       95.45
      47802 |          1        0.08       95.52
      47845 |          1        0.08       95.60
      47846 |          1        0.08       95.68
      47878 |          1        0.08       95.75
      47889 |          1        0.08       95.83
      47897 |          1        0.08       95.90
      47901 |          1        0.08       95.98
      47931 |          1        0.08       96.05
      47971 |          1        0.08       96.13
      48011 |          1        0.08       96.21
      48089 |          1        0.08       96.28
      48095 |          1        0.08       96.36
      48142 |          1        0.08       96.43
      48165 |          1        0.08       96.51
      48228 |          1        0.08       96.59
      48229 |          1        0.08       96.66
      48300 |          1        0.08       96.74
      48320 |          1        0.08       96.81
      48330 |          1        0.08       96.89
      48340 |          1        0.08       96.97
      48390 |          1        0.08       97.04
      48493 |          1        0.08       97.12
      48513 |          1        0.08       97.19
      48514 |          1        0.08       97.27
      48531 |          1        0.08       97.34
      48552 |          1        0.08       97.42
      48569 |          1        0.08       97.50
      48607 |          1        0.08       97.57
      48635 |          1        0.08       97.65
      48638 |          1        0.08       97.72
      48648 |          1        0.08       97.80
      48649 |          1        0.08       97.88
      48838 |          1        0.08       97.95
      48858 |          1        0.08       98.03
      48901 |          1        0.08       98.10
      48927 |          1        0.08       98.18
      48948 |          1        0.08       98.25
      49011 |          1        0.08       98.33
      49019 |          1        0.08       98.41
      49080 |          1        0.08       98.48
      49104 |          1        0.08       98.56
      49155 |          1        0.08       98.63
      49160 |          1        0.08       98.71
      49165 |          1        0.08       98.79
      49214 |          1        0.08       98.86
      49274 |          1        0.08       98.94
      49394 |          1        0.08       99.01
      49397 |          1        0.08       99.09
      49432 |          1        0.08       99.17
      49474 |          1        0.08       99.24
      49490 |          1        0.08       99.32
      49504 |          1        0.08       99.39
      49535 |          1        0.08       99.47
      49560 |          1        0.08       99.54
      49578 |          1        0.08       99.62
      49589 |          1        0.08       99.70
      49599 |          1        0.08       99.77
      49636 |          1        0.08       99.85
      49644 |          1        0.08       99.92
      49647 |          1        0.08      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |      1,318      100.00

. 
. *******************************************************************************
. 
. *** Table F7:  HS replication
. 
. clear

. 
. use "data_src_HS_anom_shortened.dta"

. 
. replace refugees_per_capita = 0 if year < 2017
(1,614 real changes made)

. 
. gen percent_refugee = refugees_per_capita * 100
(964 missing values generated)

. 
. xtset CandidateID year

Panel variable: CandidateID (strongly balanced)
 Time variable: year, 2015 to 2017, but with gaps
         Delta: 1 unit

. 
. * overall
. xtreg refugees percent_refugee i.year if Pretreated==0, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       878
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =       439

R-sq:  Within  = 0.0280                         Obs per group: min =         2
       Between = 0.0030                                        avg =       2.0
       Overall = 0.0061                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,123)           =      9.01
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0061                        Prob > F           =    0.0002

                                (Std. err. adjusted for 124 clusters in municode)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                |               Robust
       refugees | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_refugee |   .2055493   .0490237     4.19   0.000     .1085098    .3025888
                |
           year |
          2017  |  -.0754572   .0572084    -1.32   0.190    -.1886978    .0377834
                |
          _cons |   3.592255   .0255671   140.50   0.000     3.541647    3.642864
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        sigma_u |   1.296999
        sigma_e |  .68506308
            rho |  .78186962   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * per party*
. 
. * KOK
. xtreg refugees percent_refugee i.year if Party==1 & Pretreated==0, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       134
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =        67

R-sq:  Within  = 0.0761                         Obs per group: min =         2
       Between = 0.0058                                        avg =       2.0
       Overall = 0.0207                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,44)            =      3.43
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0418                        Prob > F           =    0.0411

                                 (Std. err. adjusted for 45 clusters in municode)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                |               Robust
       refugees | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_refugee |   .3959282   .1750187     2.26   0.029     .0432011    .7486553
                |
           year |
          2017  |   -.039247   .1681211    -0.23   0.816    -.3780727    .2995788
                |
          _cons |   3.223881   .0692678    46.54   0.000      3.08428    3.363481
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        sigma_u |  1.0476096
        sigma_e |  .79532478
            rho |  .63437487   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * SDP
. xtreg refugees percent_refugee i.year if Party==2 & Pretreated==0, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       128
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =        64

R-sq:  Within  = 0.0438                         Obs per group: min =         2
       Between = 0.0197                                        avg =       2.0
       Overall = 0.0231                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,40)            =      1.70
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0353                         Prob > F           =    0.1949

                                 (Std. err. adjusted for 41 clusters in municode)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                |               Robust
       refugees | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_refugee |   .2641315   .1939601     1.36   0.181    -.1278766    .6561395
                |
           year |
          2017  |   .0218948   .1771539     0.12   0.902    -.3361467    .3799362
                |
          _cons |     3.6875   .0701831    52.54   0.000     3.545655    3.829345
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        sigma_u |  1.0416102
        sigma_e |  .75027352
            rho |  .65839959   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * KESK
. xtreg refugees percent_refugee i.year if Party==3 & Pretreated==0, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =        94
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =        47

R-sq:  Within  = 0.1147                         Obs per group: min =         2
       Between = 0.0332                                        avg =       2.0
       Overall = 0.0502                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,39)            =      2.81
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0066                         Prob > F           =    0.0726

                                 (Std. err. adjusted for 40 clusters in municode)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                |               Robust
       refugees | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_refugee |   .3200459   .1353069     2.37   0.023     .0463618      .59373
                |
           year |
          2017  |  -.1461134   .1677638    -0.87   0.389    -.4854478     .193221
                |
          _cons |   3.319149   .0762187    43.55   0.000     3.164982    3.473316
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        sigma_u |  1.0359202
        sigma_e |  .72883052
            rho |   .6688987   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * PS
. xtreg refugees percent_refugee i.year if Party==4 & Pretreated==0, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       108
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =        54

R-sq:  Within  = 0.1226                         Obs per group: min =         2
       Between = 0.0109                                        avg =       2.0
       Overall = 0.0333                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,41)            =      3.22
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0464                        Prob > F           =    0.0503

                                 (Std. err. adjusted for 42 clusters in municode)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                |               Robust
       refugees | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_refugee |    .102078   .0518263     1.97   0.056    -.0025873    .2067434
                |
           year |
          2017  |  -.2960901    .116716    -2.54   0.015    -.5318029   -.0603774
                |
          _cons |   1.407407   .0514589    27.35   0.000     1.303484    1.511331
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        sigma_u |    .516119
        sigma_e |  .51957312
            rho |  .49666495   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * VIHR
. xtreg refugees percent_refugee i.year if Party==5 & Pretreated==0, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       134
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =        67

R-sq:  Within  = 0.0171                         Obs per group: min =         2
       Between = 0.0335                                        avg =       2.0
       Overall = 0.0010                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,44)            =      0.58
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0444                        Prob > F           =    0.5627

                                 (Std. err. adjusted for 45 clusters in municode)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                |               Robust
       refugees | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_refugee |  -.0277218   .0565644    -0.49   0.627    -.1417198    .0862762
                |
           year |
          2017  |   .0843814   .0901053     0.94   0.354    -.0972139    .2659766
                |
          _cons |   4.507463   .0371239   121.42   0.000     4.432644    4.582281
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        sigma_u |  .49197605
        sigma_e |  .41700908
            rho |  .58191609   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * VAS
. xtreg refugees percent_refugee i.year if Party==6 & Pretreated==0, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       102
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =        51

R-sq:  Within  = 0.0103                         Obs per group: min =         2
       Between = 0.0348                                        avg =       2.0
       Overall = 0.0035                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,35)            =      0.36
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1359                        Prob > F           =    0.7028

                                 (Std. err. adjusted for 36 clusters in municode)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                |               Robust
       refugees | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_refugee |  -.1165815    .162807    -0.72   0.479    -.4470972    .2139343
                |
           year |
          2017  |  -.0210834   .1447154    -0.15   0.885    -.3148713    .2727045
                |
          _cons |   4.411765   .0670829    65.77   0.000     4.275579     4.54795
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        sigma_u |  .81062091
        sigma_e |  .62757415
            rho |  .62524647   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * SFP
. xtreg refugees percent_refugee i.year if Party==7 & Pretreated==0, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =        20
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =        10

R-sq:  Within  = 0.0072                         Obs per group: min =         2
       Between = 0.0356                                        avg =       2.0
       Overall = 0.0012                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,7)             =      0.15
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2055                        Prob > F           =    0.8626

                                  (Std. err. adjusted for 8 clusters in municode)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                |               Robust
       refugees | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_refugee |   -.063915    .130276    -0.49   0.639    -.3719688    .2441389
                |
           year |
          2017  |   .0300065   .2578379     0.12   0.911    -.5796832    .6396962
                |
          _cons |        4.8    .112229    42.77   0.000     4.534621    5.065379
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        sigma_u |  .26500292
        sigma_e |  .49819359
            rho |  .22054455   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * KD
. xtreg refugees percent_refugee i.year if Party==8 & Pretreated==0, fe cl(municode)

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =        88
Group variable: CandidateID                     Number of groups   =        44

R-sq:  Within  = 0.0316                         Obs per group: min =         2
       Between = 0.0002                                        avg =       2.0
       Overall = 0.0059                                        max =         2

                                                F(2,34)            =      1.20
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1178                        Prob > F           =    0.3143

                                 (Std. err. adjusted for 35 clusters in municode)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                |               Robust
       refugees | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
percent_refugee |   .1974772   .1302227     1.52   0.139    -.0671672    .4621216
                |
           year |
          2017  |  -.1293136   .2179966    -0.59   0.557     -.572336    .3137087
                |
          _cons |   3.977273   .0939249    42.35   0.000     3.786394    4.168151
----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        sigma_u |  .73683887
        sigma_e |  .90474046
            rho |  .39877839   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
end of do-file

. log close
      name:  <unnamed>
       log:  code_07_Stata_Appendix_D_E_F.log
  log type:  text
 closed on:   8 Nov 2022, 23:36:40
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